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Summary of Equations

Item

Formula

Description

density

r = m/V

Ratio of an object's mass to its volume

specific gravity

SG = robject/rwater

Ratio of the density of the substance to the density of pure water

pressure

P = F/A

Ratio of the force acting perpendicular to a surface to the surface area (A)

fluid pressure

P = r g h

Pressure as a function of depth (h)

Archimedes' Principle

FB = mfg = rfgVf

Buoyant force acting on an object placed in a fluid is equal to weight of the displaced fluid

equation of continuity

rAv = constant

Mass of fluid moving past any point is constant

Bernoulli's equation

P = (1/2)rv2 + rgh

Equation for the pressure at any point in a moving fluid

Pascal's Principle

Fout/Fin = Aout/Ain

Pressure applied to enclosed fluid results in pressure at every point increasing by that amount

 

Symbols Used

Symbol

Defined

r

Density

P

Pressure

V

Volume

g

Acceleration of gravity

A

Cross-sectional area

h

Height above some reference point

m

Mass

v

Velocity